All styles consist of two parts. The first is the in-text citation, which gives enough information for the reader to find the reference in the second part, the list of references at the end of the document.
Referencing styles fall into three main groups:
If you are uncertain which referencing style you should be using contact your department or ask your tutor for advice.
The University's guide to academic good practice discusses citing and referencing and how to use them to avoid plagiarism.
This is how a book (Carroll, 2009), book chapter (Shishkin et al., 2000), journal article (Nakajima & Schoch, 2011) and conference paper (Zajic, 2006) look in the Harvard name-date style.
References
Carroll, R.L., 2009. The rise of amphibians: 365 million years of evolution, Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press.
Nakajima, Y. & Schoch, R.R., 2011. The first temnospondyl amphibian from Japan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 31(5), pp.1154-1157.
Shishkin, M.A., Novikov, I.V. & Gubin, Y.M., 2000. Permian and Triassic temnospondyls from Russia. In M. J. Benton et al., eds. The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 35-59.
Zajic, J., 2006. The main fish communities of the limnic Permian and Carboniferous basins of the Czech Republic. In 7th Paleontological Conference. Brno, Czech Republic: Scripta. Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis. Geology., pp. 99-101.
This is how a book1, book chapter2, journal article3 and conference paper4 look in the citation style of the journal Nature, a recurrent numbering style.
1. Carroll, R.L. The rise of amphibians: 365 million years of evolution. 360 (The John Hopkins University Press: Baltimore, 2009).
2. Shishkin, M.A., Novikov, I.V. & Gubin, Y.M. Permian and Triassic temnospondyls from Russia. The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia 35-59 (2000).
3. Nakajima, Y. & Schoch, R.R. The first temnospondyl amphibian from Japan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31, 1154-1157 (2011).
4. Zajic, J. The main fish communities of the limnic Permian and Carboniferous basins of the Czech Republic. 7th Paleontological Conference 33-34, 99-101 (2006).
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